Cold+War

= THE COLD WAR =




 * Thoughts on the Cold War:**


 * War of non-engagement between United States and Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991
 * Involved the many communist and capitalist wars and struggles fought between 1945 and 1991, including the Vietnam War, the Korean War, Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, etc.
 * It was a **COLD** war because the U.S. and the USSR never actually fought one another, but fought through the support of other factions and through the threat of nuclear annihilation
 * U.S. support of Cuban exiles during the Bay of Pigs Invasion
 * USSR support of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong
 * U.S. support (CIA) of Mujaheddin during Soviet Invasion
 * Germany during the Cold War was divided in two between the NATO forces and the USSR, with Berlin actually being split as well deep inside the USSR borders of East Germany
 * The iconic Berlin Wall was the structure separating the West Berlin and East Berlin Citizens. It became a symbol of the oppression of the Communists and their Iron Curtain.
 * During the Cold War, the arms race between the U.S. and the USSR would lead to much tension between the two when they began to develop much more advanced weaponry:
 * Hydrogen Bombs/ ICBMs
 * U-2 Spy Plane Incident over USSR
 * SR-71 Spy Plane spying over USSR
 * CIA vs KGB
 * Cuban Missile Crisis (Castro/ JFK/ Kruschev)
 * Cold War came to an end when the USSR collapsed in 1991

**a.** **Why do you think the Zooks and Yooks did not get along?** They didn't get along, because the Zooks and Yooks had opposing ideologies about whether or not butter should be spread on bread on the top or on the bottom. **b.** **What do you think caused this conflict to get worse?** The fact that the Zooks and Yooks kept creating weapons that could destroy more and more made the conflict deadlier. **c.** **How do you think this happens with your friends or siblings?** I believe that this happens, because everyone wants to be the superior person, so they keep trying to outdo each other, eventually hurting themselves in the process. **d. What do you think the Zooks and Yooks could have done differently to prevent this conflict?** They could have easily just tried to diplomatically talk out their differences, or they could just spread butter on both sides or not spread butter at all! **e.** **In the story, each side uses propaganda to make their side seem like the right side. Give some examples from the movie/book.** The Yooks used educational teachings to back up their claim. They also used posters calling for the buttering of the top side of the bread. Finally, they called the Zooks monstrous and evil for spreading the "wrong" way. **f.** **What does the story tell you about the Cold War?** The story tells me that the Cold War was a war of outdoing one another, with both sides threatening to destroy the other in the name of their ideologies, but never actually carrying out the destruction. **g.** **What would be your ending to the story?** I would have the story end with the destruction of the wall, and the coexistence of the two sides.
 * The Butter Battle Book Questions: **







KEY TERMS LINKING ACTIVITY:
 * **NATO, Warsaw Pact, Soviet Union, "East", "West"**
 * __NATO__ was the defense organization for the __"West"__ in order to protect themselves from the Soviets. The __Warsaw Pact__ was the defensive military alliance for the __"East"__, consisting of the __Soviet Union__ and Eastern European nations in order to protect themselves from the US.
 * **East Germany, West Germany, Communism, Capitalism, Berlin Airlift, Cold War**
 * During the __Cold War__, Germany was divided into the __Capitalism__ favoring __West Germany__, aided by the US, and the __Communism__ favoring __East Germany__, under the control of the USSR. Berlin was also divided into East and West, and from 1948 to 1949, the Soviets blockaded the democratic West. However, due to the __Berlin Airlift__, the US and UK were able to deliver supplies to West Berliners until the blockade ended.
 * **United Nations General Assembly, Korean War, Politburo**
 * In 1945, the United Nations was established. When the US joined the __Korean War__ in 1950, the __United Nations General Assembly__ would most likely have had a meeting to discuss how they'd support the struggling South Koreans. The __Politburos__ of China and the USSR would probably have had meetings concerning how they'd aid the communist North Koreans in their civil war.
 * **Harry Truman, Winston Churchill, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Domino Theory, Iron Curtain, Containment Policy**
 * After the end of WWII, __Harry Truman__ was the president of the US that had to deal with the communist threat. During his presidency, he implemented the __Truman Doctrine__, which vowed the US's support of and aid toward any country under threat of communism. The __Marshall Plan__ that he also implemented would provide money to help to rebuild Europe's infrastructure and economies. Truman, with his ally __Winston Churchill__ the prime minister of the UK, would enforce the __containment policy__; one where the US would stop the spread of communism by supporting anti-communist nations. This fear of the __Iron Curtain__ falling on many more nations came from the __Domino Theory__, which stated that once a country turned communist, the countries around it would also turn communist.
 * **Vietnam War, Detente, Space Race, Arms Race**
 * After the outrage over the US involvement and loss in the __Vietnam War,__ president Nixon began to implement __detente__ into the US foreign policy, which would start to calm down the tension between the US and Communist Nations. Now that the __arms race__ between the US and USSR had been calmed down, the two countries could continue to focus on the __Space Race__, which the US would "win" in 1969 when they sent men to the moon.
 * **Josef Stalin, Cuban Missile Crisis, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro**
 * When the Soviet Premier __Nikita Khrushchev__, who led the USSR after the death of __Josef Stalin__, sent nuclear missiles to Cuba, which was under the leadership of communist __Fidel Castro__, he started the __Cuban Missile Crisis__. When __John F. Kennedy__ heard about the missile sites in Cuba, he ordered a blockade of Cuba, preventing USSR ships from reaching the island. After a tense few days when the world stood on the edge of nuclear war, Khrushchev ordered the ships to turn back and the missile sites to be dismantled.
 * **Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev**
 * __Ronald Reagan__ was the president of the US when the Berlin wall fell in 1989. Also, he was the first president to truly connect and become friends with a Soviet leader, in the form of the Soviet General Secretary __Mikhail Gorbachev.__

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What knowledge about the Cold War did you learn from these three speeches?
From these three speeches that occurred at the beginning of the Cold War, I learned much about the nature and viewpoints of the leaders of the main countries vying for power. Stalin's "election" speech provided insight into the viewpoint of the Soviets right at the beginning of the Cold War. Stalin's speech was one that glorified the USSR as a heroic nation that took on the Germans head on and won. However, in the process of glorifying his own nation, Stalin blamed the onset of WWII solely on the fact that Nazi Germany was a capitalist government. Although USSR forces had been allied with the British and American forces, Stalin still threw the West aside for their use of capitalism, meaning that the rest of the USSR would have to as well.

Concerning Winston Churchill's speech roughly a month after Stalin's, I learned that he was trying to open the eyes of the world to the threat that communism was beginning to embody. Churchill despised the idea that the "Iron Curtain" of communism, as he termed it, was falling between the West and East. He was infuriated to know that the sacrifices that the Allies made to free the people of Europe were going to be in vain due to the Soviet snatching-up of nations and forcing them to be under their oppressive rule. Churchill's speech in 1946 would be the first major public identification of the USSR's goal to capture a large amount of countries behind their Iron Curtain.

Finally, from the speech given by Truman more than a year after Stalin's, I learned that the Greek people were in incredible economic trouble during the early post-war years. They had basically no commercial structure to help rebuild their nation's economy; their major means of transporting goods were gone and their farms were hardly producing food at all. They needed basic essentials, let alone new railroads or harbors. In this case, the US was truly needed in order to stop Greece from collapsing into anarchy, by providing supplies that no other country possibly could provide at the time. Furthermore, I learned that Turkey was in danger of communist take-over as well, only to a far lesser degree than Greece, due to prior aid and less structural damage, but to a large enough degree that Truman felt it necessary to worry about the country's safety.

Berlin Wall Notes: []

The Korean War


 * How did the Korean War turn into a Cold War Conflict?
 * Why did the Korean War not lead to world war?
 * How does the Korean War shed light on the broad themes of the Cold War?

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D7iAwetRwvq1VH38qYrDnm0pevLaRp4TYTywZG6Qq70/edit
 * Korean War Guide Questions:**

Opener: Based on Korean War Video: The Korean War was, in my opinion, a mixture of a Civil War and a Proxy War. because it began as a civil war between the North and South, yet later on, after the US and UN had joined in on the fighting, the war began to shift toward a Proxy War. The US, and especially McArthur, wanted to use the situation to combat China and the USSR, through the battles in Korea. Depends on the perspective of the person being asked! To Koreans= Civil War, to Americans, Chinese, and Russians= Proxy War. 1.) McArthur threatened to use nuclear arms to defeat China, instead of focusing directly on the North (agreed) 2.) The US forces and Chinese forces engaged in combat, instead of solely the North Koreans and South Koreans 3.) The war began as North Korean forces, under Kim Il Sung, invaded the South, beginning the civil war aspect US immediately aided the South  US had nothing to gain from defending South, other than stopping the spread of communism! (proxy war)
 * **Do you Believe the Korean War was a Civil War or a Proxy War ( war that results when opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly.)?**
 * **Provide three pieces of evidence from the video to support your claim**
 * **Pair/share responses and make revisions in red**



https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uLi5WsQo_pjFspdrqjmlns5afV10cYuf8ctx4siDbi0/edit
 * Korean War Mark-Up:**


 * Korean War Review Questions:**


 * Korean War Public Poll Points:**
 * 1) Overall, the American public that was polled wanted the government to take strong steps to end the Korean War, because, as the polls reveal, more than half of the public believed that the war wasn't worth fighting. This is my top choice, because it revealed how the war was never in the public's favor-ability nor would the war's stance in their eyes get any higher. This reveals how the public wanted the US to stay out of wars, because they'd just fought in the largest war in history, WWII.
 * 2) There was a very large increase in the number of people who thought that a peaceful agreement with the communists wouldn't come in the April-May time period during 1953, jumping from 54% no to 74% no!
 * 3) Almost half of the public that was polled said that there would be very little risk of getting into a long-drawn out war with China if we took stronger international steps.





The Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis Notes/ Decision: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RT52rS3kS_w6pU6lN2TFOEcI2Q3z9cGlhnAhx7JzT90/edit

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 * President Kennedy's Cuban Missile Address: **

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ec8rOIy2JAuSRrZlI6ZCELpX24j95XE4hvVHSoSqako/edit
 * Castro and the Cuban Revolution Notes: **

**The 13 Days of the Cuban Missile Crisis Notes:** []

The Mai Lai Massacre:



**Notes on the 4th Geneva Convention** **and the Mai Lai Massacre:** []

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 * Was the Mai Lai Massacre a War Crime? **

The Soviet-Afghan War:




 * Soviet-Afghan War Map Observations:**
 * 1) There was a massive "air bridge" linking the USSR with their forward operating base of Kabul, meaning that there was a huge supply of weapons, troops, and vehicles being transported directly into the heart of Afghanistan.
 * 2) The area controlled by the Soviets during the war was miniscule, only extending a very small way away from the Soviet invasion routes, meaning that the Soviets weren't able to take control of the country.
 * 3) The Soviets were able to take control of the capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, and make it their forward operating base, yet they weren't able to conquer the rest of the country.
 * 4) The Soviet invasion routes from Kabul and Kushka were able to meet at Kandahar, possibly making it a valuable target.
 * 5) The Soviets weren't able to take full control of the land bordering the USSR, possibly meaning heavy resistance or mountainous and treacherous terrain.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uHli4lqC7Ikbe4oTujayHVOJzL7pVqT2n6XsOXODj8w/edit
 * NEWS REPORT ON WAR:**

__ Top 10 Things to Know About Chile: __
 * 1) Chile is located along the South West coast of South America.
 * 2) Chile's capital city of Santiago is located in the interior of the country.
 * 3) Chile's physical geographic characteristics include a giant desert, the Andes Mountain range, and the fertile interior valley.
 * 4) Chile's border countries include Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina
 * 5) Chile's population is 17.4 million as of 2012.
 * 6) Chile has a literacy rate of 96.2%.
 * 7) Chile's major industries include copper mining, steel production, farming, fishing, and textile manufacturing.
 * 8) Chile's major trade partners are Japan, the US, China, the Netherlands, and South Korea.
 * 9) Chile's military is 4,324,732 men strong.
 * 10) In 1810, the colony of Chile gains independence from Spain.
 * 11) Chile has a free election based party system.
 * 12) Major imports are petroleum, chemicals, machinery, and transport vehicles.
 * 13) Major exports are copper, wine, chemicals, fish, and fish-related product.
 * 14) Economy ranked as high-income by world bank.
 * 15) The Head of State today is Sebastian Pinera, elected on Jan. 17, 2010.

Cold War CEPA: Chile https://docs.google.com/document/d/187VcFNqDxSwNG1CHdpR2SgBGnBNOgSzkcLbSEsTSJD4/edit

Reflection on the Cold War Unit: []